Vol. 6, Issue 1, Part B (2024)

Background: Tumors of the ovary, which are the third most common tumors of the female genital tract after carcinoma cervix and endometrial, can occur at any age. Patients typically present at an advanced stage, posing challenges to clinicians due to the restricted role of lab work up. A histological examination is required for a definitive diagnosis. Present study was conducted to determine the frequency of non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions and to evaluate prognosis according to microscopic characteristics. 
Materials and Methods: Present cross-sectional study conducted in 148 surgically resected ovarian specimens received at the Department of Histopathology, Banas Medical College & Research Institute, Palanpur from April 1, 2021 to December 31, 2022. The specimens were received in formalin-filled containers by the histopathology department, where they were grossed, processed, evaluated, and classified as non-neoplastic or neoplastic lesions. Relevant variables such as OCP history and lesion laterality were documented. 
Results: Ovarian lesions were found to be more prevalent among women aged 31 to 50 years. In the study of 148 ovarian lesions, 98 were non-neoplastic and 50 were neoplastic. Follicular cysts were prevalent among non-neoplastic lesions, and luteal cysts were reduced. Benign lesions were prevalent among malignant lesions. Five of the six malignant tumors were grade 1 and one was grade 3.
Conclusion: Ovarian tumors were common among women using oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) or had undergone tubectomy procedures. Timely detection and surgical intervention are crucial to halt disease progression. Malignant lesions can manifest at any age and may affect one or both ovaries. Grading plays a vital role in guiding patient management and predicting survival outcomes.